Weight Loss Plan for Individuals with Hashimoto's Thyroiditis
Managing weight with Hashimoto's Thyroiditis can be particularly challenging due to the impact of the condition on your thyroid gland, which plays a crucial role in regulating metabolism. Hashimoto's is an autoimmune disorder that causes chronic inflammation of the thyroid, leading to hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid). This can slow down your metabolism, making it easier to gain weight and harder to lose it. However, with a targeted approach involving diet, exercise, and lifestyle modifications, you can effectively manage your weight and improve your overall health.
Program Overview
Standard Ketogenic Diet (SKD)
The Standard Ketogenic Diet (SKD) involves consuming a high amount of fats, moderate protein, and very low carbohydrates. This diet helps shift your body's metabolism into a state of ketosis, where it burns fat for fuel instead of carbohydrates. For individuals with Hashimoto's, this approach can help regulate insulin levels, reduce inflammation, and support weight loss. Studies have shown that ketogenic diets can help manage autoimmune conditions and improve metabolic health .
Daily Caloric Intake:
- Calories: 1500 kcal / 6300 kJ
- Carbohydrates: 10% (40g)
- Protein: 25% (95g)
- Fat: 65% (110g)
Duration of Plan:
Follow this weight loss plan for a minimum of 4 weeks and a maximum of 12 weeks. After completing the cycle, it is important to take a break to allow your body to recover. Regular breaks from caloric deficit diets are crucial to prevent metabolic slowdown, maintain hormonal balance, support mental health, and preserve muscle mass .
14/10 Intermittent Fasting
The 14/10 Intermittent Fasting plan is effective for individuals with Hashimoto's as it helps regulate insulin levels and promotes fat burning without compromising muscle mass or energy levels.
- Details: Eat during a 10-hour window and fast for the remaining 14 hours each day. Example: Eating from 8 AM to 6 PM, fasting from 6 PM to 8 AM.
Standard Days - 1500 kcal / 6300 kJ:
- Breakfast (8 AM): 500 kcal (Protein: 31g | Fat: 33g | Carbs: 12g)
- Lunch (12 PM): 500 kcal (Protein: 31g | Fat: 33g | Carbs: 12g)
- Dinner (6 PM): 500 kcal (Protein: 31g | Fat: 33g | Carbs: 12g)
Exercise Days - 2000 kcal / 8400 kJ:
- Breakfast (8 AM): 500 kcal (Protein: 31g | Fat: 33g | Carbs: 12g)
- Lunch (12 PM): 500 kcal (Protein: 31g | Fat: 33g | Carbs: 12g)
- Afternoon (4 PM): 500 kcal (Protein: 31g | Fat: 33g | Carbs: 12g)
- Dinner (6 PM): 500 kcal (Protein: 31g | Fat: 33g | Carbs: 12g)
Why Weight Loss is Harder for Individuals with Hashimoto's:
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis leads to hypothyroidism, which slows down your metabolism, making it harder to lose weight. Additionally, hormonal imbalances caused by an underactive thyroid can lead to fatigue, muscle weakness, and increased appetite, further complicating weight loss efforts. Proper management of thyroid hormone levels through medication and lifestyle changes is essential to counter these effects .
Exercises to Do:
- Strength Training: Focus on moderate intensity weightlifting and bodyweight exercises, such as squats, deadlifts, bench press, rows, push-ups, pull-ups, and planks. Aim for 2-3 times a week. Strength training helps increase muscle mass, which boosts metabolism and supports fat loss .
- Low to Moderate-Intensity Cardio: Engage in activities like brisk walking, cycling, swimming, or light jogging for 30-45 minutes, 3-4 times a week.
- Flexibility and Mobility: Incorporate yoga and stretching routines to improve flexibility and reduce stress. Yoga is particularly beneficial for reducing cortisol levels and improving overall well-being.
Exercises to Avoid:
- Excessive High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT): While HIIT can be effective for weight loss, it can also increase stress levels and cortisol production, which may worsen Hashimoto's symptoms. Limit HIIT to no more than 1-2 sessions per week, and monitor your body’s response closely .
- Excessive Steady-State Cardio: Long, low-intensity cardio sessions can lead to muscle loss if overdone. Focus on shorter, more intense workouts instead.
- Isolation Exercises Over Compound Movements: Prioritise compound exercises that work multiple muscle groups rather than isolating single muscles excessively.
- High-Risk Movements Without Proper Form: Avoid exercises that risk injury due to improper form or excessive weight without supervision (e.g., heavy deadlifts without proper form).
- NEAT Movements: Increase Non-Exercise Activity Thermogenesis (NEAT) by incorporating more physical activity into your daily routine (e.g., walking, taking the stairs). This can help increase daily calorie expenditure without adding stress.
- Hydration: Drink at least 2.5 litres of water daily to support metabolic functions, aid digestion, and reduce bloating.
- Sleep: Aim for 7-9 hours of quality sleep per night to support recovery and maintain hormonal balance. Poor sleep can exacerbate weight gain and hormonal imbalances.
- Prioritise Protein: Ensure you have adequate protein intake with each meal to help preserve muscle mass, stabilise blood sugar levels, and promote satiety.
- Boost Sleep Hygiene: Improve your sleep quality by creating a relaxing bedtime routine, reducing screen time before bed, and maintaining a consistent sleep schedule.
- Morning Sunshine: Get at least 10 minutes of morning sunlight daily to boost Vitamin D levels, which can help improve insulin sensitivity and regulate sleep patterns.
- Avoid Alcohol: Minimise alcohol consumption as it can disrupt hormonal balance and contribute to weight gain.
- Cut Sugars and Processed Foods: Eliminate added sugars and processed foods from your diet to reduce calorie intake, manage blood sugar levels, and improve nutrient density.
- Gut-Healthy Foods: Incorporate foods that support a healthy gut microbiome, such as fermented foods (kimchi, sauerkraut, kefir, yoghurt), high-fibre vegetables (broccoli, Brussels sprouts, artichokes), probiotic-rich foods (pickles, miso, kombucha), and prebiotic foods (garlic, onions, bananas, asparagus).
- Keto Gummies: Consume 2 keto gummies before each main meal to help maintain ketosis, manage appetite, and provide additional nutrients.
- Track Progress: Take photos regularly to visually track your progress, stay motivated, and make adjustments as needed.
- Stress Management: Incorporate stress-reducing activities such as mindfulness, meditation, or spending time in nature to help manage cortisol levels and improve overall well-being.
- Regular Check-ups: Schedule regular check-ups with your healthcare provider to monitor your thyroid function, adjust your plan as needed, and ensure overall well-being.
Week 1: Getting Started
- Transition Phase: Begin reducing carbs and increasing fats to enter ketosis.
- Initial Changes: Experience rapid water weight loss as glycogen stores deplete.
- Challenges: Potential symptoms like fatigue and headaches (keto flu) as your body adjusts.
- Management: Focus on hydration, electrolyte balance, and gradual adaptation to the new diet.
Week 2: Establishing Ketosis
- Steady Progress: Ketosis becomes established as your body switches to burning fats for energy.
- Fat Loss: Notice significant fat loss as ketosis boosts fat metabolism.
- Stabilisation: Energy levels stabilise, and cravings for carbs diminish.
- Continued Adjustment: Monitor ketone levels and adjust your diet to maintain ketosis.
Week 3: Deepening Adaptation
- Metabolic Efficiency: Enjoy improved mental clarity and sustained energy levels.
- Body Changes: See improvements in body composition, potentially with reduced waist size and muscle gain.
- Long-term Benefits: Experience improved insulin sensitivity and reduced inflammation.
- Consistency: Maintain your ketogenic lifestyle to sustain these positive changes.
Week 4: Stability and Long-term Success
- Full Adaptation: Fully adapt to the ketogenic diet with stable ketone production and metabolism.
- Sustained Results: Continue to see steady weight loss and improved metabolic health.
- Maintenance: Emphasise consistency in diet and lifestyle habits to maintain your results.
- Optimising Metabolism: Engage in regular physical activity, monitor nutrient intake, and prioritise rest and hydration for long-term success.
Keto for Weight Loss (4 weeks)
- Nutrition: Aim for 1500 calories/day with a breakdown of 10% carbohydrates, 25% protein, and 65% fat.
- Focus: Kickstart fat loss by tracking macros, limiting carbs to 40g/day, focusing on moderate protein intake, and prioritising healthy fats.
- Duration: Weight loss plans should not exceed 12 weeks to prevent metabolic slowdowns. Switching to a balanced diet after 4 to 12 weeks is crucial for maintaining metabolic efficiency.
Mediterranean Diet for Health & Weight Maintenance (12 weeks)
- Nutrition: Maintain a daily intake of 2000 calories with a balanced ratio of 40% carbohydrates, 20% protein, and 40% fat.
- Focus: Transition to a balanced eating pattern emphasising whole grains, lean proteins, healthy fats, fruits, and vegetables.
Continue alternating between Keto for Weight Loss and Mediterranean Diet phases, adjusting calories and macronutrient ratios as needed to support weight management and overall health goals.
Example Calendar:
- Jan: Keto (Lose 5-10kg)
- Feb: (Mediterranean)
- Mar: (Mediterranean)
Apr: (Mediterranean) - May: Keto (Lose 5-10kg)
- Jun: (Mediterranean)
- Jul: (Mediterranean)
- Aug: (Mediterranean)
- Sep: Keto (Lose 5-10kg)
- Nov: (Maintenance)
- Dec: (Maintenance)
Aim to stay close to maintenance calories during social events and the festive season.
What a Day Looks Like
7:00 AM - Wake Up & Movement
- Drink a glass of water with a slice of lemon to kickstart metabolism and hydration.
- Take 2x Keto Burn+ Gummies to boost fat burning.
- Engage in 20-30 minutes of light exercise such as yoga, stretching, or a brisk walk. This can help reduce stress levels and improve insulin sensitivity.
- Tip: Aim to catch at least 10 minutes of morning sunlight. Exposure to natural light helps your body produce vitamin D, which is essential for bone health, immune function, and mood regulation. Additionally, morning sunlight helps regulate your circadian rhythm, promoting better sleep at night.
8:00 AM - Breakfast Options:
- Almond Flat White
- Bone Broth: 1 cup (240ml)
- Keto Breakfast (500 Cal) (See Recipes)
10:30 AM - Hydration
- Drink a glass of water or herbal tea (peppermint, chamomile).
12:00 PM - Lunch
- Take 2x Keto ACV Gummies
- Keto Lunch (500 Cal) (See Recipes)
12:30 PM - Light Activity
- A short walk or light stretching to aid digestion.
3:00 PM - Hydration
- Drink water or a keto electrolyte drink.
6:00 PM - Dinner
- Take 2x Keto Sleep+ Gummies
- Keto Dinner (500 Cal) (See Recipes)
6:30 PM - Light Activity
- A post-dinner walk or light stretching to help with digestion and reduce insulin spikes.
8:00 PM - Relaxation
- Engage in a relaxing activity such as reading, meditation, or a warm bath to reduce stress levels.
9:30 PM - Wind Down
- Limit screen time, and prepare for bed.
10:00 PM - Bedtime
- Aim for 8-9 hours of quality sleep to support hormonal balance and overall health.
Standard Days - 1500 kcal / 6300 kJ:
- Breakfast: 500 kcal (Protein: 31g | Fat: 36g | Carbs: 13g)
- Lunch: 500 kcal (Protein: 31g | Fat: 36g | Carbs: 13g)
- Dinner: 500 kcal (Protein: 31g | Fat: 36g | Carbs: 13g)
Exercise Days - 2000 kcal / 8400 kJ:
- Breakfast: 500 kcal (Protein: 31g | Fat: 36g | Carbs: 13g)
- Lunch: 500 kcal (Protein: 31g | Fat: 36g | Carbs: 13g)
- Afternoon Snack: 500 kcal (Protein: 31g | Fat: 36g | Carbs: 13g)
- Dinner: 500 kcal (Protein: 31g | Fat: 36g | Carbs: 13g)
Your Weight Loss Meal Plan
Target Per Meal (500 calories)
- Fat: Aim for around 40 grams per meal.
- Protein: Aim for around 30 grams per meal.
- Carbohydrates: Aim for around 10 grams per meal.
Adjust the weight of protein, veggies and fats help meet your targets. Alternatively read the secton about portion control further down.
1. Salmon (Wild-Caught, with Skin)
- Nutrition per 100g: 206 calories, 13g fat, 22g protein, 0g carbs
- Benefits: High in omega-3 fatty acids, anti-inflammatory, supports heart health.
2. Chicken Breast (Organic, Skinless)
- Nutrition per 100g: 165 calories, 3.6g fat, 31g protein, 0g carbs
- Benefits: Lean protein, supports muscle growth, low in fat.
3. Grass-Fed Beef (Lean Cuts)
- Nutrition per 100g: 250 calories, 15g fat, 26g protein, 0g carbs
- Benefits: High in CLA (conjugated linoleic acid) which helps in fat loss, rich in iron and B vitamins.
4. Turkey Breast (Skinless)
- Nutrition per 100g: 135 calories, 1.5g fat, 30g protein, 0g carbs
- Benefits: Lean protein, high in tryptophan which can help improve mood and sleep.
5. Pork Loin (Lean, Organic, Skinless)
- Nutrition per 100g: 143 calories, 5g fat, 24g protein, 0g carbs
- Benefits: High in thiamine, lean source of protein.
6. Eggs (Organic, Free-Range)
- Nutrition per large egg (50g): 70 calories, 5g fat, 6g protein, 1g carbs
- Benefits: Complete protein, rich in choline which supports brain health.
7. Sardines (Canned in Olive Oil, with Skin and Bones)
- Nutrition per 100g: 208 calories, 11g fat, 25g protein, 0g carbs
- Benefits: High in omega-3 fatty acids, rich in calcium and vitamin D.
8. Cottage Cheese (Full-Fat)
- Nutrition per 100g: 103 calories, 4.3g fat, 11g protein, 3.4g carbs
- Benefits: High in casein protein, which is slow-digesting and can help reduce appetite.
9. Greek Yogurt (Full-Fat, Plain)
- Nutrition per 100g: 97 calories, 5g fat, 10g protein, 3.6g carbs
- Benefits: Probiotic-rich, supports gut health.
10. Tofu (Firm)
- Nutrition per 100g: 76 calories, 4.8g fat, 8g protein, 1.9g carbs
- Benefits: Plant-based protein, contains all essential amino acids, rich in calcium.
1. Spinach
- Nutrition per 100g: 23 calories, 0.4g fat, 2.9g protein, 3.6g carbs
- Benefits: High in iron, magnesium, and vitamins A and K.
2. Kale
- Nutrition per 100g: 49 calories, 0.9g fat, 4.3g protein, 8.8g carbs
- Benefits: High in fiber, antioxidants, and vitamins A, C, and K.
3. Broccoli
- Nutrition per 100g: 34 calories, 0.4g fat, 2.8g protein, 6.6g carbs
- Benefits: Rich in fiber, vitamins C and K, and folate.
4. Cauliflower
- Nutrition per 100g: 25 calories, 0.3g fat, 1.9g protein, 4.9g carbs
- Benefits: Low in calories, high in fiber and vitamins C and K.
5. Brussels Sprouts
- Nutrition per 100g: 43 calories, 0.3g fat, 3.4g protein, 9g carbs
- Benefits: High in fiber, vitamins C and K, and antioxidants.
6. Asparagus
- Nutrition per 100g: 20 calories, 0.1g fat, 2.2g protein, 3.9g carbs
- Benefits: Low in calories, high in fiber, and vitamins A, C, and K.
7. Zucchini
- Nutrition per 100g: 17 calories, 0.3g fat, 1.2g protein, 3.1g carbs
- Benefits: Low in calories, high in vitamin C and manganese.
8. Bell Peppers
- Nutrition per 100g: 31 calories, 0.3g fat, 1g protein, 6g carbs
- Benefits: High in vitamins A and C, antioxidants.
9. Cabbage
- Nutrition per 100g: 25 calories, 0.1g fat, 1.3g protein, 5.8g carbs
- Benefits: High in fiber, vitamins C and K, and antioxidants.
10. Mushrooms
- Nutrition per 100g: 22 calories, 0.3g fat, 3.1g protein, 3.3g carbs
- Benefits: High in B vitamins, selenium, and antioxidants.
1. Olive Oil (Extra Virgin)
- Nutrition per 1 tablespoon (14g): 119 calories, 14g fat, 0g protein, 0g carbs
- Benefits: High in monounsaturated fats, anti-inflammatory properties.
2. Coconut Oil
- Nutrition per 1 tablespoon (14g): 121 calories, 14g fat, 0g protein, 0g carbs
- Benefits: Contains medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) which can boost metabolism.
3. Avocado
- Nutrition per 100g: 160 calories, 15g fat, 2g protein, 9g carbs (7g fiber)
- Benefits: High in monounsaturated fats, potassium, and fiber.
4. Almonds
- Nutrition per 28g (about 23 almonds): 161 calories, 14g fat, 6g protein, 6g carbs (3.5g fiber)
- Benefits: High in healthy fats, vitamin E, and magnesium.
5. Walnuts
- Nutrition per 28g (about 14 halves): 185 calories, 18g fat, 4g protein, 4g carbs (2g fiber)
- Benefits: High in omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants.
6. Brazil Nuts
- Nutrition per 28g (about 6 nuts): 187 calories, 19g fat, 4g protein, 3g carbs (2g fiber)
- Benefits: Rich in selenium, which supports thyroid function.
7. Chia Seeds
- Nutrition per 28g (about 2 tablespoons): 137 calories, 9g fat, 4g protein, 12g carbs (10g fiber)
- Benefits: High in omega-3 fatty acids, fiber, and antioxidants.
8. Flaxseeds
- Nutrition per 28g (about 2 tablespoons): 150 calories, 12g fat, 5g protein, 8g carbs (8g fiber)
- Benefits: High in omega-3 fatty acids, lignans, and fiber.
9. Cheese (Full-Fat, Aged)
- Nutrition per 100g: 402 calories, 33g fat, 25g protein, 1.3g carbs
- Benefits: High in calcium, protein, and healthy fats.
10. Butter (Grass-Fed)
- Nutrition per 1 tablespoon (14g): 102 calories, 12g fat, 0g protein, 0g carbs
- Benefits: High in conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), fat-soluble vitamins.
1. Mustard
- Nutrition per tablespoon (15g): 9 calories, 0.5g fat, 0.5g protein, 0.6g carbs
- Benefits: Low in calories, adds tangy flavor, contains antioxidants.
2. Vinegar (Apple Cider or White)
- Nutrition per tablespoon (15g): 3 calories, 0g fat, 0g protein, 0.1g carbs
- Benefits: Can aid digestion, adds acidity and flavor to dishes.
3. Soy Sauce (Tamari for Gluten-Free)
- Nutrition per tablespoon (15g): 10 calories, 0g fat, 2g protein, 1g carbs
- Benefits: Adds umami flavor, low in calories (watch for sodium content).
4. Hot Sauce
- Nutrition per teaspoon (5g): 0 calories, 0g fat, 0g protein, 0g carbs
- Benefits: Adds heat and flavor, very low in calories.
5. Mayonnaise (Homemade or Avocado Oil-based)
- Nutrition per tablespoon (15g): 94 calories, 10g fat, 0g protein, 0g carbs
- Benefits: High in healthy fats, creamy texture, and flavor.
6. Pesto
- Nutrition per tablespoon (16g): 80 calories, 8g fat, 1g protein, 1g carbs
- Benefits: Rich in healthy fats, contains fresh herbs and nuts.
7. Ranch Dressing (Keto-Friendly)
- Nutrition per tablespoon (15g): 100 calories, 10g fat, 0g protein, 1g carbs
- Benefits: Creamy and flavorful, high in healthy fats.
8. Caesar Dressing (Keto-Friendly)
- Nutrition per tablespoon (15g): 80 calories, 9g fat, 1g protein, 1g carbs
- Benefits: Rich and savory, high in healthy fats.
9. Blue Cheese Dressing
- Nutrition per tablespoon (15g): 120 calories, 12g fat, 1g protein, 1g carbs
- Benefits: Creamy and tangy, high in healthy fats.
10. Tzatziki
- Nutrition per tablespoon (15g): 13 calories, 0.5g fat, 1g protein, 1g carbs
- Benefits: Made from Greek yogurt, cucumber, garlic, and herbs, low in calories, and provides probiotics.
1. Olive Oil and Vinegar Dressing
- Ingredients: Extra virgin olive oil, apple cider vinegar, Dijon mustard, salt, pepper.
- Nutrition per tablespoon (15g): 80 calories, 9g fat, 0g protein, 0g carbs
- Benefits: High in healthy fats, simple and flavorful.
2. Avocado Lime Dressing
- Ingredients: Avocado, lime juice, olive oil, cilantro, salt, pepper.
- Nutrition per tablespoon (15g): 60 calories, 6g fat, 1g protein, 1g carbs
- Benefits: Creamy texture, high in monounsaturated fats.
3. Ranch Dressing (Keto-Friendly)
- Ingredients: Sour cream, mayonnaise (avocado oil-based), garlic powder, onion powder, dill, parsley, salt, pepper.
- Nutrition per tablespoon (15g): 100 calories, 10g fat, 0g protein, 1g carbs
- Benefits: Creamy and flavorful, high in healthy fats.
4. Caesar Dressing (Keto-Friendly)
- Ingredients: Olive oil, egg yolk, anchovies, lemon juice, Dijon mustard, Parmesan cheese, garlic, salt, pepper.
- Nutrition per tablespoon (15g): 80 calories, 9g fat, 1g protein, 1g carbs
- Benefits: Rich and savory, high in healthy fats.
5. Blue Cheese Dressing
- Ingredients: Blue cheese, mayonnaise (avocado oil-based), sour cream, lemon juice, garlic powder, salt, pepper.
- Nutrition per tablespoon (15g): 120 calories, 12g fat, 1g protein, 1g carbs
- Benefits: Creamy and tangy, high in healthy fats.
6. Greek Yogurt Dressing
- Ingredients: Full-fat Greek yogurt, olive oil, lemon juice, garlic, dill, salt, pepper.
- Nutrition per tablespoon (15g): 45 calories, 4g fat, 2g protein, 1g carbs
- Benefits: High in protein and probiotics, creamy and tangy.
7. Tahini Dressing
- Ingredients: Tahini, lemon juice, garlic, olive oil, water, salt, pepper.
- Nutrition per tablespoon (15g): 89 calories, 8g fat, 2g protein, 2g carbs
- Benefits: Rich and nutty flavor, high in healthy fats and minerals.
8. Lemon Herb Dressing
- Ingredients: Olive oil, lemon juice, Dijon mustard, fresh herbs (parsley, basil, thyme), salt, pepper.
- Nutrition per tablespoon (15g): 75 calories, 8g fat, 0g protein, 1g carbs
- Benefits: Fresh and zesty, high in healthy fats.
9. Italian Dressing
- Ingredients: Olive oil, red wine vinegar, garlic, oregano, basil, salt, pepper.
- Nutrition per tablespoon (15g): 70 calories, 7g fat, 0g protein, 1g carbs
- Benefits: Classic and flavorful, high in healthy fats.
10. Ginger Sesame Dressing
- Ingredients: Sesame oil, olive oil, rice vinegar, soy sauce (or tamari for gluten-free), grated ginger, garlic, sesame seeds, salt, pepper.
- Nutrition per tablespoon (15g): 80 calories, 8g fat, 0g protein, 1g carbs
- Benefits: Asian-inspired, high in healthy fats and antioxidants.
1. Water
- Nutrition: 0 calories, 0g fat, 0g protein, 0g carbs
- Benefits: Essential for hydration, can be consumed plain, sparkling, or infused with lemon/cucumber.
2. Green Tea
- Nutrition per cup (240ml): 2 calories, 0g fat, 0g protein, 0g carbs
- Benefits: Rich in antioxidants, supports metabolism, and has a calming effect.
3. Herbal Teas (Peppermint, Chamomile)
- Nutrition per cup (240ml): 0-2 calories, 0g fat, 0g protein, 0g carbs
- Benefits: Caffeine-free, aids digestion, and promotes relaxation.
4. Black Coffee
- Nutrition per cup (240ml): 2 calories, 0g fat, 0g protein, 0g carbs
- Benefits: Boosts energy and metabolism, rich in antioxidants.
5. Bulletproof Coffee
- Ingredients: Black coffee, 1-2 tablespoons grass-fed butter, 1-2 tablespoons MCT oil
- Nutrition per cup (240ml): 230-450 calories, 25-50g fat, 0g protein, 0g carbs
- Benefits: High in healthy fats, boosts energy, and supports ketosis.
6. Almond Milk Coffee
- Ingredients: Black coffee, unsweetened almond milk
- Nutrition per cup (240ml): 30-50 calories, 2-4g fat, 1g protein, 1-2g carbs
- Benefits: Low in carbs, adds creaminess to coffee, and is dairy-free.
7. Keto Smoothie
- Ingredients: Unsweetened almond milk, avocado, spinach, chia seeds, and a keto-friendly sweetener
- Nutrition per cup (240ml): 150-200 calories, 12-15g fat, 3-5g protein, 3-5g carbs
- Benefits: Nutrient-dense, high in healthy fats, and can be a meal replacement.
8. Coconut Milk Latte
- Ingredients: Black coffee, unsweetened coconut milk
- Nutrition per cup (240ml): 50-80 calories, 5-7g fat, 1g protein, 1-2g carbs
- Benefits: Adds a rich, creamy texture to coffee, and is dairy-free.
9. Electrolyte Drink
- Ingredients: Water, salt, potassium chloride, magnesium citrate, lemon juice, and a keto-friendly sweetener
- Nutrition per cup (240ml): 5-10 calories, 0g fat, 0g protein, 1-2g carbs
- Benefits: Replenishes electrolytes, essential for hydration, and prevents keto flu.
10. Bone Broth
- Ingredients: Simmered bones (chicken, beef, etc.), water, apple cider vinegar, salt, and optional vegetables/herbs.
- Nutrition per cup (240ml): 30-50 calories, 0-1g fat, 6-10g protein, 0-2g carbs
- Benefits: Rich in collagen and minerals, supports joint health, gut health, and provides a protein boost.
- Tips: Best to drink when breaking a fast.
Using your hands to measure portions can be an effective and convenient way to manage portion sizes, especially on a ketogenic diet where macronutrient balance is crucial. Here’s a guide on how to use your hands to estimate appropriate portion sizes for various food types, using grams:
Proteins
- Palm Size: A serving of protein should be about the size and thickness of your palm (excluding fingers). This typically equates to 85-113 grams for women and 113-170 grams for men.
Vegetables
- Fist Size: A serving of vegetables should be about the size of your closed fist. This usually equals 100 grams of raw vegetables or 75 grams of cooked vegetables.
Fats
- Thumb Size: A serving of fat should be about the size of your thumb. This equates to approximately 14 grams (1 tablespoon) of healthy fats.
- Thumb Tip: For high-fat condiments or smaller portions of dense fats, use the tip of your thumb (from the knuckle up) which is roughly equivalent to 5 grams (1 teaspoon).
Nuts and Seeds
- Handful: A serving of nuts and seeds should be about a small handful, roughly equal to 28 grams.
Dairy
- Two Fingers: A serving of cheese should be about the size of two fingers, roughly 28 grams.
Practical Tips for Portion Control
- Mindful Eating: Pay attention to hunger and fullness cues. Eating slowly and savoring each bite can help you recognize when you’re satisfied, not overly full.
- Plate Method: Fill half of your plate with low-carb vegetables, a quarter with protein, and a quarter with healthy fats. Adjust according to your macronutrient needs.
- Meal Prep: Pre-portion meals and snacks in advance to avoid overeating. Using containers to separate portions can be helpful.
- Avoid Distractions: Eat without distractions like TV or smartphones to focus on your meal and enjoy the experience, which can prevent overeating.
- Regular Adjustments: Listen to your body and adjust portion sizes as needed. Your portion needs may change based on activity levels, weight goals, and individual metabolic responses.
Sample Keto Meal Using Hand Portions
- Grilled Chicken Breast (Protein): 1 palm-sized portion (85-113 grams).
- Steamed Broccoli (Vegetables): 1 fist-sized portion (100 grams raw or 75 grams cooked).
- Avocado (Fat): 1 thumb-sized portion (14 grams).
- Almonds (Nuts): 1 small handful (28 grams).
- Cheddar Cheese (Dairy): 2 finger-sized portion (28 grams).
Sugar:
- Table sugar (sucrose)
- High-fructose corn syrup (HFCS)
- Honey
- Maple syrup
- Agave syrup
- Coconut sugar
- Brown sugar
Grains:
- Wheat (bread, pasta, couscous)
- Rice (white rice, brown rice)
- Oats (rolled oats, oatmeal)
- Barley
- Quinoa
- Millet
- Corn (including popcorn)
Starchy Vegetables:
- Potatoes (white potatoes, sweet potatoes)
- Sweet potatoes
- Yams
- Parsnips
- Corn
- Butternut squash
- Legumes:
- Beans (black beans, kidney beans, pinto beans)
- Lentils
- Chickpeas (garbanzo beans)
- Peas (green peas, split peas)
- Soybeans
- Edamame
Fruits:
- Bananas
- Apples
- Oranges
- Grapes
- Pineapple
- Mango
- Pears
Processed Foods:
- Breakfast cereals
- Granola bars
- Crackers
- Breads and pastries
- Instant noodles
- Packaged snacks (chips, pretzels)
- Fast food items (burgers, fries)
Sweets and Desserts:
- Cakes
- Cookies
- Pastries
- Ice cream
- Candy
- Chocolate bars
- Pies and tarts
Sauces and Condiments:
- Ketchup
- BBQ sauce
- Sweet chili sauce
- Teriyaki sauce
- Hoisin sauce
- Salad dressings with added sugars
Fermented Foods:
- Sauerkraut: Fermented cabbage rich in probiotics.
- Kimchi: Korean fermented vegetables, often spicy and tangy.
- Pickles: Fermented cucumbers, rich in probiotics if naturally fermented.
- Kefir: Fermented milk drink (choose low-sugar options).
- Greek Yogurt: Opt for full-fat, unsweetened varieties with live active cultures.
Low-Carb Vegetables:
- Leafy Greens: Spinach, kale, Swiss chard.
- Cruciferous Vegetables: Broccoli, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts.
- Asparagus: Rich in prebiotic fiber.
- Artichokes: High in prebiotic fiber.
- Zucchini: Versatile and low-carb.
Healthy Fats:
- Avocado: Rich in fiber and healthy fats.
- Olive Oil: Extra virgin olive oil is anti-inflammatory and supports gut health.
- Coconut Oil: Contains lauric acid, which has antimicrobial properties.
- Nuts and Seeds: Almonds, chia seeds, flaxseeds (in moderation).
Bone Broth:
- Rich in collagen and gelatin, which support gut lining health.
Probiotic Supplements:
- Consider probiotic supplements with strains beneficial for gut health, but check for added sugars or carbohydrates.
Herbs and Spices:
- Garlic: Contains prebiotic fiber and has antimicrobial properties.
- Ginger: Anti-inflammatory and aids digestion.
- Turmeric: Anti-inflammatory and supports gut health.
Low-Sugar Berries:
- Blueberries: Rich in antioxidants and lower in sugar compared to other fruits.
- Raspberries: High in fiber and antioxidants.
Apple Cider Vinegar:
- Supports digestion and gut health. Use in dressings or diluted in water.
Chia Seeds:
- High in fiber and omega-3 fatty acids, which support gut health.
Dark Chocolate (in moderation):
- Opt for 85% or higher cocoa content, which is lower in sugar and contains polyphenols that can support gut health.
Multivitamin: Covers a broad range of nutrients.
Omega-3 Fish Oil: Supports heart health.
Vitamin D3: Supports bone health and immune function.
Magnesium: Supports muscle and nerve function.
Probiotics: Supports gut health.
Inositol: Can help improve insulin sensitivity and ovarian function.
Chromium: Supports blood sugar control.
Zinc: Supports immune function and hormone balance.
Vitamin B Complex: Supports energy metabolism.
Curcumin: Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant benefits.
Additional Weight Loss Resources
The body burns calories through four primary processes:
- Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR): This is the energy your body needs to maintain basic physiological functions like breathing, circulation, and cell production, accounting for 60% of daily calorie expenditure.
- Thermic Effect of Food (TEF): This is the energy required to digest, absorb, and metabolise the food you eat, contributing 10% of daily calorie burn.
- Exercise Activity Thermogenesis (EAT): This includes all structured physical activities like running, swimming, or gym workouts, making up 10% of daily calorie burn.
- Non-Exercise Activity Thermogenesis (NEAT): This encompasses all the non-exercise-related activities such as walking, cleaning, gardening, and even fidgeting. NEAT can contribute up to 30% of daily calorie expenditure, depending on lifestyle and activity levels.
The Key Role of NEAT in Weight Loss
NEAT is crucial for weight loss because it can significantly impact total daily energy expenditure. By increasing your NEAT through simple daily habits like taking the stairs, walking instead of driving, and standing more often, you can burn additional calories without the need for intense workouts. This makes NEAT a sustainable and practical approach to increasing overall physical activity and supporting weight loss. With an active lifestyle, NEAT can contribute up to 30% of your daily calorie burn.
The Role of a Keto Diet in Boosting NEAT
A ketogenic (keto) diet, which is high in fats and low in carbohydrates, can complement efforts to boost NEAT. The keto diet can increase energy levels by providing a steady energy supply from fats, making you feel more energised throughout the day and encouraging more spontaneous physical activities, thus enhancing NEAT. By shifting the body into a state of ketosis, where it burns fat for fuel, the keto diet can help reduce body fat, making movement and daily activities easier and more enjoyable. Additionally, with fewer blood sugar spikes and crashes, you’re likely to experience more consistent energy levels, which can help maintain higher levels of NEAT.
To specifically target NEAT, incorporating a recommended 15-30 minutes of walking daily can make a significant difference. This simple habit can effectively boost your NEAT, helping to increase your overall calorie expenditure.
Conclusion
Incorporating more NEAT into your daily routine is essential for weight loss, as it can significantly contribute to your overall calorie expenditure. Combining this with a keto diet can maximise your energy levels and support your weight loss goals effectively. Simple daily habits, such as a recommended 15-30 minutes of walking, boosted by the sustained energy from a keto diet, can make a big difference in your journey towards a healthier lifestyle.
To maximise NEAT (Non-Exercise Activity Thermogenesis), it's beneficial to balance various activities throughout the day. Here’s a detailed breakdown including approximate hours for each activity:
- Walking: Aim for at least 10,000 steps per day, which equates to roughly 1.5 to 2 hours of walking, depending on your pace. This can be accumulated throughout the day and includes activities like brisk walking, taking the stairs, or walking during breaks.
- Standing: Aim to stand for at least 2 to 4 hours per day. You can achieve this by using a standing desk, taking standing breaks during work, and incorporating activities that require standing, such as cooking or household chores.
- Sitting: Limit sitting to no more than 6 to 8 hours per day. This includes time spent at work, commuting, and leisure activities. It’s crucial to break up prolonged sitting with short standing or walking breaks every 30 minutes to promote circulation and reduce sedentary behaviour.
- Fidgeting: Engage in non-exercise movements throughout the day, such as tapping your feet, shifting in your seat, or stretching. While difficult to quantify in hours, these small movements can significantly contribute to NEAT and calorie expenditure over time.
Sample Daily Schedule to Maximise NEAT:
- Walking: 1.5 to 2 hours (10,000 steps)
- Standing: 2 to 4 hours (using a standing desk, standing during meetings, etc.)
- Sitting: 6 to 8 hours (limiting prolonged sitting, taking breaks)
- Lying Down: 7 to 9 hours (ensuring adequate sleep)
- Fidgeting: Throughout the day (incorporating small movements regularly)
To mitigate the impact of poor sleep on weight gain, prioritising good sleep hygiene is crucial.
- Consistent Sleep Schedule: Maintain a regular sleep-wake cycle.
- Bedtime Routine: Establish relaxing pre-sleep rituals like reading or taking a warm bath.
- Optimised Sleep Environment: Keep your bedroom cool (18-22°C), dark with blackout curtains or an eye mask, quiet with earplugs or white noise machines, and comfortable with a supportive mattress and pillows.
- Limit Screen Time: Avoid screens before bed; use blue light blocking glasses if necessary.
- Watch What You Eat and Drink: Avoid heavy meals, caffeine, and alcohol close to bedtime. Aim to cut off caffeine consumption at least 4 to 6 hours before bedtime to minimise its stimulant effects.
- Regular Exercise: Engage in physical activity earlier in the day to promote better sleep.
- Stress Management: Practice relaxation techniques such as deep breathing or meditation.
- Morning Sunshine: Get exposure to natural light in the morning to regulate your sleep-wake cycle.
- Use Bed for Sleep Only: Avoid using it for work or entertainment.
- Limit Daytime Naps: Keep them short and early in the day.
Stress plays a significant role in weight gain by increasing cortisol levels, which can lead to cravings for high-calorie foods and disrupted metabolism. To manage cortisol levels and promote hormone balance effectively, consider these stress management best practices:
- Regular Exercise: Engage in regular physical activities such as walking, yoga, or strength training to reduce cortisol levels and boost endorphins.
- Healthy Diet: Maintain a balanced diet rich in whole foods, lean proteins, fruits, and vegetables to support overall health and stabilize blood sugar levels.
- Adequate Sleep: Prioritise quality sleep by establishing a regular sleep schedule and creating a relaxing bedtime routine to optimise hormone production and regulation.
- Stress Reduction Techniques: Practice mindfulness meditation, deep breathing exercises, or progressive muscle relaxation to lower stress levels and improve resilience.
- Social Support: Seek emotional support from friends, family, or support groups to alleviate stress and foster positive social connections.
- Time Management: Organise tasks and prioritise responsibilities to reduce feelings of overwhelm and manage stress more effectively.
- Limit Stimulants: Minimise caffeine and alcohol intake, as they can increase cortisol levels and disrupt hormone balance.
- Hobbies and Relaxation: Engage in hobbies and activities that bring joy and relaxation, such as reading, gardening, or listening to music, to unwind and reduce stress.
The "keto flu" refers to a set of symptoms that some people experience when they begin the ketogenic diet. These symptoms usually appear in the first few days to a week as your body adjusts to using fat rather than carbohydrates as its main energy source. Common symptoms include:
- Fatigue
- Headaches
- Difficulty concentrating
- Irritability
- Nausea
- Trouble sleeping
- Muscle cramps or soreness
- Sugar cravings
These symptoms occur due to several factors:
- Electrolyte Imbalance: When insulin levels drop on a keto diet, the kidneys release more sodium, potassium, and magnesium, causing an electrolyte imbalance.
- Dehydration: Rapid water loss in the initial stages of ketosis can lead to dehydration and further imbalance of electrolytes.
- Carbohydrate Withdrawal: Cutting carbs can trigger withdrawal-like symptoms such as cravings and mood swings.
Managing Keto Flu:
- Stay Hydrated: Drink plenty of water throughout the day to prevent dehydration. Consider electrolyte drinks or supplements to maintain electrolyte balance.
- Increase Salt Intake: Add salt to your meals or consume broth to replenish lost sodium.
- Eat Foods Rich in Potassium: Include foods like avocados, leafy greens (spinach, kale), and nuts (such as almonds) to boost potassium levels.
- Consider Magnesium Supplements: Taking a magnesium supplement can support muscle function and relaxation.
- Ease Into the Diet: Gradually reduce carbohydrates over a few days rather than all at once to help ease symptoms.
- Prioritise Rest: Allow your body time to adjust by ensuring you get enough sleep and relaxation.
People gain weight due to metabolism-related factors such as hormonal imbalances, insulin resistance, and inefficient energy utilisation. Here’s how these factors contribute to weight gain:
- Hormonal Imbalances: Hormones like insulin, leptin, and cortisol play crucial roles in regulating metabolism and appetite. Imbalances, such as insulin resistance (where cells become less responsive to insulin), leads to increased fat storage and difficulty in using stored fat for energy. The keto diet helps by reducing carbohydrate intake, thereby lowering insulin levels and potentially improving insulin sensitivity. This can promote more effective fat burning and weight loss.
- Insulin Resistance: High-carbohydrate diets, especially those rich in refined sugars and starches, can contribute to insulin resistance. Insulin resistance promotes fat storage, particularly around the abdomen, and makes it harder for the body to access stored fat for energy. By limiting carbohydrate intake and promoting ketosis, the keto diet helps lower insulin levels and may improve insulin sensitivity, which can support weight loss.
- Energy Utilisation: Inefficient energy utilisation can lead to weight gain. When the body has excess calories that it doesn’t use for energy, these calories are stored as fat. The keto diet encourages the body to use fat as its primary fuel source instead of carbohydrates. This leads to more efficient energy utilisation and potentially a reduction in stored body fat over time.
- Metabolic Rate: A slower metabolic rate, often associated with aging or muscle loss, contributes to weight gain because fewer calories are burned at rest. The keto diet, particularly when combined with higher protein intake, helps preserve lean muscle mass. Muscle tissue burns more calories than fat tissue, so maintaining muscle can help support a higher metabolic rate and aid in weight management.
- Appetite Regulation: Hormonal and metabolic changes can affect appetite regulation, leading to increased cravings and overeating. The keto diet has been shown to promote satiety due to its higher fat and protein content, which can help reduce overall calorie intake without constant feelings of hunger.
In summary, people gain weight due to factors related to metabolism, such as hormonal imbalances, insulin resistance, inefficient energy utilization, and a slower metabolic rate. The keto diet addresses these issues by promoting fat burning, stabilising blood sugar levels, preserving muscle mass, and supporting appetite control. These metabolic benefits of the keto diet can contribute to weight loss and improved overall metabolic health in individuals who follow the diet appropriately and under proper guidance.
If you consistently struggle to lose weight despite following a healthy diet and exercise regimen, genetics may play a role. This can be particularly evident if family members have similar challenges.
Genetics significantly influence how our bodies manage weight. They impact our metabolism—how efficiently we burn calories at rest—and how we respond to diet and exercise. People often classify body types into three categories:
- Ectomorphs: These folks tend to be lean with a faster metabolism. They often struggle to gain muscle or fat despite eating plenty.
- Mesomorphs: This body type is muscular and athletic, with a moderate metabolism that responds well to exercise.
- Endomorphs: They have a curvier or rounder body type with a slower metabolism. Endomorphs can find it easier to gain weight, especially if they're not active.
Genetically, certain factors can make weight loss harder:
- FTO Gene: It affects appetite regulation and energy balance, potentially leading to weight gain.
- MC4R Gene: Mutations can alter hunger signals and metabolism, making it challenging to manage weight.
- PPARG Gene: Variations may contribute to insulin resistance and fat storage.
- APOA2 Gene: It influences how the body processes fats, impacting cholesterol levels and weight.
- LEPR Gene: Mutations affect leptin sensitivity, which regulates appetite and energy use.
Understanding these genetic predispositions helps tailor weight management strategies. While genetics play a role, lifestyle factors such as diet, exercise, sleep, and stress management also play crucial roles in overall health and weight management.
Common medications that can cause weight gain include:
- Antidepressants: Certain antidepressants, like tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), are known for their side effect of weight gain. They can affect appetite, metabolism, and energy levels, making it challenging to manage weight, especially on a ketogenic diet.
- Antipsychotics: Many antipsychotic medications, such as olanzapine, quetiapine, and risperidone, can lead to significant weight gain. They can alter metabolism, increase appetite, and affect insulin sensitivity, which may hinder weight loss efforts, particularly on a keto diet.
- Corticosteroids: Corticosteroids like prednisone are often prescribed for conditions like asthma, arthritis, and autoimmune disorders. They can cause fluid retention, increased appetite, and redistribution of fat, resulting in weight gain and difficulty in losing weight.
- Antihistamines: Some antihistamines, especially older types like cyproheptadine and hydroxyzine, can cause weight gain due to their sedative effects and impact on appetite control.
- Antidiabetic Medications: Medications used to treat diabetes, such as insulin and sulfonylureas (e.g., glyburide, glipizide), can lead to weight gain by affecting insulin levels and promoting glucose uptake in fat cells.
- Birth Control Pills: Certain hormonal contraceptives, particularly those containing estrogen, can cause fluid retention and increase appetite, potentially resulting in weight gain.
It's important for individuals taking these medications to consult with their healthcare provider to discuss potential side effects and strategies to manage weight effectively. Adjustments to diet, exercise, or medication regimen may be necessary to support weight loss goals while managing medication-related effects.
Effects of Ketogenic Diet on Autoimmune Diseases: "A Review on Ketogenic Diet and its Effects on Autoimmune Diseases" by Journal of the Endocrine Society. Available at: Endocrine Society
Benefits of Intermittent Fasting: "Intermittent Fasting: A Comprehensive Review Mechanism, Application, and Health Potential" by the Journal of Clinical Investigation. Available at: JCI
Hashimoto's and Exercise: "Exercise in Autoimmune Thyroid Disease" by Frontiers in Endocrinology. Available at: Frontiers
Hashimoto's and Weight Loss Challenges: "Weight Gain and Hypothyroidism: Are You Trying Everything?" by American Thyroid Association. Available at: Thyroid
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Weight Loss Plan for Hashimoto's Disease
If you have Hashimoto’s disease, an autoimmune condition affecting your thyroid, managing weight can be challenging. You might experience fatigue, weight gain, and other symptoms like dry skin and hair loss. An anti-inflammatory keto diet, combined with regular low-impact exercise and supplements like selenium and omega-3s, can help manage these symptoms.